In this paper we present a literature survey of the South Atlantic's climate and its oceanic
upper-layer circulation and meridional heat transport. The opening section deals with …

Abstract The South Atlantic Ocean receives waters from the North Atlantic, the Weddell Sea,
and from the Circumpolar Current through the Drake Passage. The circumpolar and North …

Results are presented from a new version of the Hadley Centre coupled model (HadCM3)
that does not require flux adjustments to prevent large climate drifts in the simulation. The …

Formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) represents a transfer of upper layer water to
abyssal depths at a rate of 15 to 20× 106 m3/s. NADW spreads throughout the Atlantic …

We examine recent observations of water mass distribution and circulation schemes at
different depths of the South Atlantic Ocean to propose a layered, qualitative representation …

This book addresses the problem of inferring the state of ocean circulation, understanding it
dynamically, and forecasting it through a quantitative combination of theory and observation …

The mean horizontal flow field of the tropical Atlantic Ocean is described between 20° N and
20° S from observations and literature results for three layers of the upper ocean, Tropical …

Observations of ocean circulation have increased as a result of international field
programmes and of remote sensing systems on artificial earth satellites. Oceanographers …

Interocean exchange of heat and salt around South Africa is thought to be a key link in the
maintenance of the global overturning circulation of the ocean. It takes place at the Agulhas …

ALTHOUGH ocean circulation and the consequent exchange of heat and gases with the
atmosphere exert a strong influence on climate, discussions of global circulation have …