Life is a non‐equilibrium state of matter maintained at the expense of energy. Nature uses
predominantly chemical energy stored in thermodynamically activated, but kinetically stable …

Over the last two decades ratchet mechanisms have transformed the understanding and
design of stochastic molecular systems—biological, chemical and physical—in a move away …

Macroscopic electric motors continue to have a large impact on almost every aspect of
modern society. Consequently, the effort towards develo** molecular motors,–that can be …

Precise control over molecular movement is of fundamental and practical importance in
physics, biology, and chemistry. At nanoscale, the peculiar functioning principles and the …

Pumps and motors are essential components of the world as we know it. From the complex
proteins that sustain our cells, to the mechanical marvels that power industries, much we …

Over the past century, adsorption has been investigated extensively in equilibrium systems,
with a focus on the van der Waals interactions associated with physisorption and electronic …

The widespread use of molecular machines in biology has long suggested that great
rewards could come from bridging the gap between synthetic molecular systems and the …

Many biomolecular motors catalyze the hydrolysis of chemical fuels, such as adenosine
triphosphate, and use the energy released to direct motion through information ratchet …

Mechanically interlocked molecules are likely candidates for the design and synthesis of
artificial molecular machines. Although polyrotaxanes have already found niche applications …

Biological systems exhibit a range of complex functions at the micro-and nanoscales under
non-equilibrium conditions (for example, transportation and motility, temporal control …