Parkinson's disease is the most common movement disorder, affecting about 1% of the
population over the age of 60 years. Parkinson's disease is characterized clinically by …

Brain plasticity is the ability of the nervous system to change structurally and functionally in
response to experience. By sha** brain structure and function, experience leads to the …

Parkinson's disease is caused by damage to substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons.
Factors such as oxidative stress, inflammatory factors, and acetylcholinesterase activity may …

Environmental enrichment (EE) has been successfully implemented in human rehabilitation
settings. However, the mechanisms underlying its success are not understood. Incorporating …

Lepidium meyenii (Maca), originated from Peru, has been cultivated widely in China as a
popular health care food. However, the chemical and effective studies of Maca were less in …

Stroke is considered a major cause of global morbidity. Currently, there are no effective
treatments for post-stroke cognitive impairment. Enriched environment (EE) has been …

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by
loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Diosgenin is a natural steroid saponin …

Dopamine (DA) signaling is critical to the modulation of multiple brain functions including
locomotion, reinforcement, attention and cognition. The literature provides strong evidence …

Background Social isolation in the elderly is one of the principal health risks in an aging
society. Physical environmental enrichment is shown to improve sensory, cognitive, and …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease
worldwide. The main therapeutic approach available nowadays relieves motor symptoms …