BACKGROUND Human actions have long been known to drive declines in nature, and there
is growing awareness of how globalization means that these drivers increasingly act at a …

Urbanization is one of the biggest social transformations of modern time, driving and driven
by multiple social, economic, and environmental processes. The impacts of urbanization on …

Cities are high emitters of greenhouse gases and are drivers of environmental modification,
often leading to degradation and fragmentation of ecosystems at local and regional scales …

Rural and urban areas are economically, socially, and environmentally interlinked spaces.
Ecosystem services are among the major areas of rural-urban linkages in which their …

Nature-based solutions (NbS) contrast with grey infrastructure measures to reduce risk from
natural hazards. Using natural and sustainable measures (green) or combining green with …

Disaster risk reduction policy and practice require knowledge for informed decision making
and coordinated action. Although the knowledge production and implementation processes …

The benefit-cost-ratio (BCR), used in cost-benefit analysis (CBA), is an indicator that
attempts to summarize the overall value for money of a project. Disaster costs continue to …

Abstract In recent years, Sponge City has gained significant interests as a way of urban
water management. The kernel of Sponge City is to develop a coupled green-grey-blue …

Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and its sister community-based adaptation (CBA) have
gained traction over recent years, and policy-makers and planners are increasingly …

Transformative adaptation will be increasingly important to effectively address the impacts of
climate change and other global drivers on social-ecological systems. Enabling …