The study of plant mitochondria started in earnest around 1950 with the first isolations of
mitochondria from animal and plant tissues. The first 35 years were spent establishing the …

Using chlorophyll (Chl) a fluorescence many aspects of the photosynthetic apparatus can be
studied, both in vitro and, noninvasively, in vivo. Complementary techniques can help to …

Photosynthesis is a high-rate redox metabolic process that is subjected to rapid changes in
input parameters, particularly light. Rapid transients of photon capture, electron fluxes, and …

The redox state of the chloroplast and mitochondria, the two main powerhouses of
photosynthesizing eukaryotes, is maintained by a delicate balance between energy …

Alternative oxidase (AOX) is a non-energy conserving terminal oxidase in the plant
mitochondrial electron transport chain. While respiratory carbon oxidation pathways …

Plants and algae require light for photosynthesis, but absorption of too much light can lead
to photo‐oxidative damage to the photosynthetic apparatus and sustained decreases in the …

Microalgal photosynthesis is responsible for nearly half of the CO 2 annually captured by
Earth's ecosystems. In aquatic environments where the CO 2 availability is low, the CO 2 …

Plants cope with drought stress by manipulating key physiological processes like
photosynthesis, respiration, water relations, antioxidant and hormonal metabolism. There …

In addition to light and water, CO 2 and mineral elements are required for plant growth and
development. Among these factors, nitrogen is critical, since it is needed to synthesize …

The tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle is one of the iconic pathways in metabolism. The cycle is
commonly thought of in terms of energy metabolism, being responsible for the oxidation of …