Recent decades have seen a rise in the use of physics methods to study different societal
phenomena. This development has been due to physicists venturing outside of their …

Extensive cooperation among unrelated individuals is unique to humans, who often sacrifice
personal benefits for the common good and work together to achieve what they are unable …

We live and cooperate in networks. However, links in networks only allow for pairwise
interactions, thus making the framework suitable for dyadic games, but not for games that …

Cooperation is key to prosperity in human societies. Population structure is well understood
as a catalyst for cooperation, where research has focused on pairwise interactions. But …

Collective cooperation is essential for many social and biological systems, yet
understanding how it evolves remains a challenge. Previous investigations report that the …

Understanding how cooperative behaviors can emerge from competitive interactions is an
open problem in biology and social sciences. While interactions are usually modeled as …

A gravitational search algorithm (GSA) uses gravitational force among individuals to evolve
population. Though GSA is an effective population-based algorithm, it exhibits low search …

Environmental issues have gradually become one of the most important concerns for
society. The concept of green development has attracted increasing attention, and the green …

Multiplayer games on graphs are at the heart of theoretical descriptions of key evolutionary
processes that govern vital social and natural systems. However, a comprehensive …

The application of incentives, such as reward and punishment, is a frequently applied way
for promoting cooperation among interacting individuals in structured populations. However …