This paper discusses the fronting of a focal constituent to a clause-initial position which, in
various languages, is associated with an import of unexpectedness. We provide prosodic …

Many if not all evidential languages have a mirative evidential: an indirect evidential that
can, in some contexts, mark mirativity (the expression of speaker surprise) instead of indirect …

This article presents a formal semantic analysis of the Bulgarian evidential. The analysis is
motivated by a number of facts that have gone unnoticed in the literature on evidentiality in …

When annotating a speech signal using an autosegmental-metrical model of intonation,
transcribers associate portions of the F 0 contour with labels from a finite inventory of tonal …

The goal of this paper is to investigate the linguistic, psychological and cognitive properties
of utterances that express the surprise of the speaker, with a focus on how grammatical …

This book reconsiders the linguistic notion of emphasis. For many, the concept of emphasis
is confined to information structure. However, our understanding of the grammatical reflexes …

Spanish future and conditional morphemes may display inferential readings: Elena ganaría
la carrera ayer, as in 'Helen must have won the race yesterday', a present deduction about a …

In addition to synthetic past tenses, there are several analytic past tenses in the Udmurt
language. The analytic remote past tenses have been scarcely studied and they are …

Mirativity is the implicit encoding of speaker surprise or exceeded expectation (DeLancey
1997). It is encoded using a variety of different strategies (Rett 2012): morphologically, in eg …

The goal of this chapter is to examine the phenomenon of expressives in the context of
recent work on the semantics of'emotive markers'(Rett 2021): morphemes or other strategies …