The explosion of digital data and the ever-growing need for fast data analysis have made in-
memory big-data processing in computer systems increasingly important. In particular, large …

With the rapid development of 5G, artificial intelligence (AI), and high-performance
computing (HPC), there is a huge increase in the data exchanged between the processor …

Emerging scale-out workloads require extensive amounts of computational resources.
However, data centers using modern server hardware face physical constraints in space …

The end of Dennard scaling has made all systemsenergy-constrained. For data-intensive
applications with limitedtemporal locality, the major energy bottleneck is data …

As computation becomes increasingly limited by data movement and energy consumption,
exploiting locality throughout the memory hierarchy becomes critical to continued …

Using nonvolatile memories in memory hierarchy has been investigated to reduce its energy
consumption because nonvolatile memories consume zero leakage power in memory cells …

Analysis of technology and application trends reveals a growing imbalance in the peak
compute-to-memory-capacity ratio for future servers. At the same time, the fraction …

Three-dimensional integration enables stacking memory directly on top of a microprocessor,
thereby significantly reducing wire delay between the two. Previous studies have examined …

3D die stacking is an exciting new technology that increases transistor density by vertically
integrating two or more die with a dense, high-speed interface. The result of 3D die stacking …

Magnetic random access memory (MRAM) is a promising memory technology, which has
fast read access, high density, and non-volatility. Using 3D heterogeneous integrations, it …