Surgical interventions for the spastic upper extremity secondary to stroke, traumatic brain
injury, and cerebral palsy aim to correct the common deformities of elbow flexion, forearm …

Research from the last 5 years on the pathophysiology and treatment of upper extremity
sequelae of cerebral palsy (CP) is presented. The development of new treatments of CP …

Wrist flexion deformity in cerebral palsy is treated with flexor carpi ulnaris to extensor carpi
radialis brevis transfer. The aim of the study was to assess the outcome of this procedure …

Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term results of the Green
transfer (flexor carpi ulnaris to extensor carpi radialis brevis) for patient-reported outcomes …

In addition to motor deficits, central nervous system disorders combine major alterations in
the motor pattern with spasticity and over time, contractures. Their varied clinical …

Management of elbow and forearm involvement in cerebral palsy has evolved over the last 3
decades with a better understanding of its neuropathophysiology, improved outcome …

In general, surgical management for spastic upper extremity conditions focuses on
improving muscle balance to maximize hand function. 1 The goals of surgical management …

The mechanical effect of a muscle following agonist-to-antagonist tendon transfers does not
always meet the surgeon's expectations. We tested the hypothesis that after flexor carpi …

We investigated the extent of mechanical interaction between rat flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU)
and palmaris longus (PL) muscles following transfer of FCU to the distal tendons of extensor …

Upper limb spasticity and spasticity-induced deformities after upper motor neuron lesions
because of traumatic brain injury, encephalitis or cerebral palsy inhibit activities of daily …