In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for
visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains …

Digital elevation models (DEMs) are widely used in geoscience. The quality of a DEM is a
primary requirement for many applications and is affected during the different processing …

The level of detail (LOD) concept of the OGC standard CityGML 2.0 is intended to
differentiate multi-scale representations of semantic 3D city models. The concept is in …

Modern game engines like Unity allow users to create realistic 3D environments containing
terrains as well as natural and artificial objects easily and swiftly. In addition, recent …

The energy consumption of cities is increasing fast due to growing global population and
rapid urbanization. Urban Building Energy Models (UBEMs) are promising tools to simulate …

Abstract The Application Domain Extension (ADE) is a built-in mechanism of CityGML to
augment its data model with additional concepts required by particular use cases. The goal …

The Smart Cities data and applications need to replicate, as faithfully as possible, the state
of the city and to simulate possible alternative futures. In order to do this, the modelling of the …

In this paper, we introduce a new method for ellipse detection. This method takes the
advantages of major axis of an ellipse to find ellipse parameter fast and efficiently. It only …

In order to improve the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the generation of early
DNA damage, a new calculation chain based on the Geant4-DNA toolkit was developed …

Although the international standard CityGML has five levels of detail (LODs), the vast
majority of available models are the coarse ones (up to LOD2, ie block‐shaped buildings …