General anesthesia—a pharmacologically induced reversible state of unconsciousness—
enables millions of life-saving procedures. Anesthetics induce unconsciousness in part by …

Establishing the neural mechanisms responsible for the altered global states of
consciousness during anesthesia and dissociating these from other drug-related effects …

The anesthetic state and natural sleep share many neurobiological features and yet are two
distinct states. The hallmarks of general anesthesia include hypnosis, analgesia, akinesia …

Background Anaesthetic induction occurs at higher plasma drug concentrations than
emergence in animal studies. Some studies find evidence for such anaesthetic hysteresis in …

“Neural inertia” is the brain's tendency to resist changes in its arousal state: it is manifested
as emergence from anaesthesia occurring at lower drug doses than those required for …

We traced the changes in GABAergic parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons of the
hippocampus and reticulo-thalamic nucleus (RT) as possible underlying mechanisms of the …

Previous studies have demonstrated that the brain has an intrinsic resistance to changes in
arousal state. This resistance is most easily measured at the population level in the setting of …

On a daily basis, our brain alternates between several states of vigilance (or arousal) that
are internally generated or, more often, generated in response to environmental cues and …

Anesthetic agents cause unique electroencephalogram (EEG) activity resulting from actions
on their diverse molecular targets. Typically to produce balanced anesthesia in the clinical …

In their article in this issue of the British Journal of Anaesthesia, Proekt & Kelz 1 refer to an
aphorism attributed to Confucius that 'the hardest thing of all is to find a black cat in a dark …