We review economics research regarding the effect of police, punishments, and work on
crime, with a particular focus on papers from the last twenty years. Evidence in favor of …

In economic models of crime, changing economic incentives alter the participation of
individuals in criminal activities. We critically appraise the work in this area. After a brief …

Proactive policing, as a strategic approach used by police agencies to prevent crime, is a
relatively new phenomenon in the United States. It developed from a crisis in confidence in …

Abstract Problem/Condition: In 2020, approximately 71,000 persons died of violence-related
injuries in the United States. This report summarizes data from CDC's National Violent Death …

This technical package represents a select group of strategies based on the best available
evidence to help communities and states sharpen their focus on prevention activities with …

Objectives This paper offers novel experimental evidence that violent crimes can be
successfully reduced by changing the situational environment that potential victims and …

We report novel empirical estimates of the race-specific effects of larger police forces in the
United States. Each additional police officer abates approximately 0.1 homicides. In per …

The efficiency of any police action depends on the relative magnitude of its crime-reducing
benefits and legitimacy costs. Policing strategies that are socially efficient at the city level …

Third party policing represents a major shift in contemporary crime control practices. As the
lines blur between criminal and civil law, responsibility for crime control no longer rests with …

The empirical observation that a small number of micro places generate the bulk of urban
crime problems has become a criminological axiom. Explanations for the persistence of high …