The rapid development of information technology has led to urgent requirements for high
efficiency and ultralow power consumption. In the past few decades, neuromorphic …

Multiferroics are those materials with more than one ferroic order, and magnetoelectricity
refers to the mutual coupling between magnetism (spins and/or magnetic field) and …

Multiferroic heterostructures can be synthesized by integrating monolithic ferroelectric and
magnetic materials, with interfacial coupling between electric polarization and …

Ferroic-order parameters are useful as state variables in non-volatile information storage
media because they show a hysteretic dependence on their electric or magnetic field …

Computer memory that is non-volatile and therefore able to retain its information even when
switched off enables computers that do not need to be booted up. One of the technologies …

The study of magnetoelectric materials has recently received renewed interest, in large part
stimulated by breakthroughs in the controlled growth of complex materials and by the search …

Ferroelectrics possess a polarization that is spontaneous, stable and electrically switchable,
and submicrometre-thick ferroelectric films are currently used as non-volatile memory …

A current drawback of spintronics is the large power that is usually required for magnetic
writing, in contrast with nanoelectronics, which relies on “zero-current,” gate-controlled …

Spin-polarized transport in ferromagnetic tunnel junctions, characterized by tunnel
magnetoresistance, has already been proven to have great potential for application in the …

Spintronics holds the promise for future information technologies. Devices based on
manipulation of spin are most likely to replace the current silicon complementary metal …