Objectives To provide a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the available evidence on
the role of Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal (HPA) axis in the pathophysiology of Bipolar …

Stress activates a complex network of hormones known as the hypothalamic–pituitary–
adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is dysregulated in chronic stress and psychiatric …

Multiple models of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis have been developed to
characterize the oscillations seen in the hormone concentrations and to examine HPA axis …

Hormones control the major biological functions of stress response, growth, metabolism, and
reproduction. In animals, these hormones show pronounced seasonality, with different set …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common psychiatric disorder. It has a complex
and heterogeneous etiology. Most treatments take weeks to show effects and work well only …

In the work presented here, a novel mathematical model was developed to explore the bi-
directional communication between the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and …

Elevated cortisol in chronic stress and mood disorders causes morbidity including metabolic
and cardiovascular diseases. There is therefore interest in develo** drugs that lower …

A novel model of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is presented. The axis is an
endocrine system responsible for co** with stress and it is likely to be involved in …

An approach for computing Lyapunov functions for nonlinear continuous-time differential
equations is developed via a new, Massera-type construction. This construction is enabled …

To date, contemporary science has lacked a satisfactory tool for the objective expression of
stress. This text thus introduces a new–thermodynamically derived–approach to stress …