The term B-factor, sometimes called the Debye–Waller factor, temperature factor, or atomic
displacement parameter, is used in protein crystallography to describe the attenuation of X …

Evolution is the hallmark of life. Descriptions of the evolution of microorganisms have
provided a wealth of information, but knowledge regarding “what happened” has precluded …

Evolution provides a creative fount of complex and subtle adaptations that often surprise the
scientists who discover them. However, the creativity of evolution is not limited to the natural …

Organisms are constantly exposed to a wide range of environmental changes, including
both short-term changes during their lifetime and longer-term changes across generations …

EDITORIALS to breathtaking advances from isolating, partitioning, and manipulating the
components of physical, biological, and human systems. More recently, new insights in …

Abstract The Modern Synthesis (MS) is the current paradigm in evolutionary biology. It was
actually built by expanding on the conceptual foundations laid out by its predecessors …

It is increasingly being recognized that the transfer of conjugative plasmids across species
boundaries plays a vital role in the adaptability of bacterial populations in soil. There are …

Evolution is the fundamental physical process that gives rise to biological phenomena. Yet it
is widely treated as a subset of population genetics, and thus its scope is artificially limited …

Robustness seems to be the opposite of evolvability. If phenotypes are robust against
mutation, we might expect that a population will have difficulty adapting to an environmental …

The concept of a fitness landscape is a powerful metaphor that offers insight into various
aspects of evolutionary processes and guidance for the study of evolution. Until recently …