Liposomes are now considered the most commonly used nanocarriers for various potentially
active hydrophobic and hydrophilic molecules due to their high biocompatibility …

This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the …

The clinical application of photothermal therapy (PTT) is severely limited by the tissue
penetration depth of excitation light, and enzyme therapy is hampered by its low therapeutic …

Photoactivatable (alternatively, photoremovable, photoreleasable, or photocleavable)
protecting groups (PPGs), also known as caged or photocaged compounds, are used to …

In the past 30 years, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered widespread attention
owing to their diverse chemical structures, and tunable properties. As a result, MOFs are of …

The nonradiative conversion of light energy into heat (photothermal therapy, PTT) or sound
energy (photoacoustic imaging, PAI) has been intensively investigated for the treatment and …

With the development of nanotechnology, nanomedicines are widely used in tumor therapy.
However, biological barriers in the delivery of nanoparticles still limit their application in …

Nanotherapeutics exhibit unique advantages in clinical outcomes compared with
conventional small molecular drugs. The past three decades have seen intensive research …

Surface plasmons are coherent and collective electron oscillations confined at the dielectric–
metal interface. Benefitting from the inherent subwavelength nature of spatial profile, surface …

Bioorthogonal chemistry is a powerful tool to site-specifically activate drugs in living systems.
Bioorthogonal reactions between a pair of biologically reactive groups can rapidly and …