Overdose deaths are often viewed as the leading edge of the opioid epidemic which has
gripped the United States over the past two decades (Skolnick, 2018a). This emphasis is …

The use of novel synthetic opioids as recreational drugs has become a public health
concern as they are implicated in numerous fatal intoxications across the world. Synthetic …

An important role of modern forensic and clinical toxicologists is to monitor the adverse
events of novel psychoactive substances (NPS). Following a prior review from 2013 to 2016 …

The only medication available currently to prevent and treat opioid overdose (naloxone) was
approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) nearly 50 years ago. Because of …

Carfentanil is a synthetic fentanyl analogue approved for veterinary use. It is a mu-opioid
receptor agonist with an estimated analgesic potency approximately 10,000 times that of …

Over the past few years, there has been an emerging number of new psychoactive drugs.
These drugs are frequently mentioned as “legal highs”,“herbal highs”,“bath salts” and …

New psychoactive substances (NPS) are drugs that are not controlled by the United Nations
international drug control conventions of 1961 and 1971 but that may pose similar threats to …

We established GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS analysis methods for nine fentanyl drugs in hair
samples. Human hairs were prepared by soaking in a solution of water-dimethyl sulfoxide …

Background Fentanyl and analogues such as butyrylfentanyl, carfentanil, 4-
fluorobutyrylfentanyl, and furanylfentanyl may be either added to, or sold as, heroin …

Background In an age of global insecurity, highly potent synthetic drugs have become a
major public health issue. Their online advertisement and sale are facilitated by surface …