Simple Summary Mechanical stress is a substantial natural environmental constraint for
plants that is induced by dry compacted soils, intense rain and windstorms, changes in …

Plants constitute the foundation of sustainable environmental systems and human health.
However, the limitations of solar radiation and the increased challenges of plant cultivation …

Plant leaves, whose remarkable ability for morphogenesis results in a wide range of petal
and leaf shapes in response to environmental cues, have inspired scientific studies as well …

Lignin contributes to plant mechanical properties during bending loads. Meanwhile,
phytohormone auxin controls various plant biological processes. However, the mechanism …

During the process of flower opening, most petals move downward in the direction of the
pedicel (ie, epinastic movement). In most Delphinium flowers, however, their two lateral …

Extrusion-based 4D-printing, which is an emerging field within additive manufacturing, has
enabled the technical transfer of bioinspired self-sha** mechanisms by emulating the …

Roots are sensors evolved to simultaneously respond to manifold signals, which allow the
plant to survive. Root growth responses, including the modulation of directional root growth …

Curvatures are ubiquitous in the animal kingdom—the spiral shell of the nautilus and the
corkscrew horns of the blackbuck being iconic examples. Dynamic changes in curvature (ie …

By masterfully balancing directed growth and passive mechanics, plant roots are remarkably
capable of navigating complex heterogeneous environments to find resources. Here, we …

Asymmetric‐expansion photothermal actuators have attracted the attention of researchers
owing to their simple structure, superior stability, rapid response, and precise controllability …