Monochloramine, commonly referred to as chloramine, is a popular disinfectant used in
drinking water distribution systems (DWDS) where high water age is encountered …

Nitrification is a major challenge in chloraminated drinking water systems, resulting in
undesirable loss of disinfectant residual. Consequently, heterotrophic bacteria growth is …

Because of their uncontrolled proliferation, biofilm-based diseases pose severe hazards to
human life. Biofilm production makes the immune system resistant to antibiotics …

Ammonia availability due to chloramination can promote the growth of nitrifying organisms,
which can deplete chloramine residuals and result in operational problems for drinking …

Nitrification is a major issue that utilities must address if they utilize chloramines as a
secondary disinfectant. Nitrification is the oxidation of free ammonia to nitrite which is then …

The effects of O 3/Cl 2 disinfection on corrosion and the growth of opportunistic pathogens in
drinking water distribution systems were studied using annular reactors (ARs). The corrosion …

Fluorescence excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy coupled with parallel factor analysis
(FEEM/PARAFAC) was applied to characterise natural organic matter (NOM) present in …

When compared to free chlorine, chloramines represent an established secondary
disinfectant that may be utilized to reduce disinfection by-product formation and improve …

The secondary water supply system (SWSS) is an extremely important part of high-rise
buildings, where the presence of pollutants caused by harm cannot be ignored. This review …

Recently, indoor swimming pool activities have increased to promote health‐enhancing
physical activities, which require establishing suitable protocols for disinfection and water …