Biofilms are a form of collective life with emergent properties that confer many advantages
on their inhabitants, and they represent a much higher level of organization than single cells …

Gram-positive spore-forming sulfate reducers and particularly members of the genus
Desulfotomaculum are commonly found in the subsurface biosphere by culture based and …

Maximal growth rate is a basic parameter of microbial lifestyle that varies over several orders
of magnitude, with doubling times ranging from a matter of minutes to multiple days. Growth …

Microbial ecology is the study of interactions among microbes in natural environments and
their roles in biogeochemical cycles, food web dynamics, and the evolution of life. Microbes …

Microorganisms play several important roles in unconventional gas recovery, from
biodegradation of hydrocarbons to souring of wells and corrosion of equipment. During and …

Carbon and other volatiles in the form of gases, fluids or mineral phases are transported
from Earth's surface into the mantle at convergent margins, where the oceanic crust …

The fungal kingdom is replete with unique adaptive capacities that allow fungi to colonize a
wide variety of habitats, ranging from marine habitats to freshwater and terrestrial habitats …

Recent advances in single-cell genomic and metagenomic techniques have facilitated the
discovery of numerous previously unknown, deep branches of the tree of life that lack …

Horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing are increasingly used for recovering energy
resources in black shales across the globe. Although newly drilled wells are providing …

Here we review published studies on the abundance and diversity of terrestrial rock-hosted
life, the environments it inhabits, the evolution of its metabolisms, and its fossil biomarkers to …