Since the introduction of the muscle biopsy technique in the late 1960s, our understanding
of the regulation of muscle glycogen storage and metabolism has advanced considerably …

Despite over 50 years of research, the field of sports nutrition continues to grow at a rapid
rate. Whilst the traditional research focus was one that centred on strategies to maximise …

Objective: To present evidence-based recommendations that promote optimized fluid-
maintenance practices for physically active individuals. Background: Both a lack of adequate …

Physiological systems respond acutely to stress to minimize homeostatic disturbance, and
typically adapt to chronic stress to enhance tolerance to that or a related stressor. It is …

It is not unusual for those participating in ultra-endurance (> 4 hr) events to develop varying
degrees of either hypohydration or hyperhydration. Yet, it is important for ultra-endurance …

Background Debate continues on how athletes should hydrate during exercise. Several
studies have recently been published comparing the effect of ad libitum (ALD) and …

Background Fluid replacement during cycling exercise evolves on a spectrum from simply
drinking to thirst to planned structured intake, with both being appropriate recommendations …

Abstract Background/Objective Understanding the impact of stressors on the rating of
perceived exertion (RPE) is relevant from a performance and exercise adherence …

Carbohydrate sports drinks produce worthwhile benefits to endurance performance
compared with noncaloric controls. However, athletes now consume carbohydrate in a …

Purpose To critically examine the research on novel supplements and strategies designed
to enhance carbohydrate delivery and/or availability. Methods Narrative review. Results …