It has been recognized that cytokinins are plant hormones that influence not only numerous
aspects of plant growth, development and physiology, including cell division, chloroplast …

Biologists who study insect-induced plant galls are faced with the overwhelming diversity of
plant forms and insect species. A challenge is to find common themes amidst this diversity …

In natural ecosystems, plants interact with biotic components such as microbes, insects,
animals and other plants as well. Generally, researchers have focused on each interaction …

Among plant-parasitic nematodes, the root-knot nematodes (RKNs) of the Meloidogyne spp.
are the most economically important genus. RKN are root parasitic worms able to infect …

Eriophyoid mites represent a hyperdiverse, phytophagous lineage with an unclear
phylogenetic position. These mites have succeeded in colonizing nearly every seed plant …

Niche theory considering the traits of species and individuals provides a powerful tool to
integrate ecology and evolution of species. In plant ecology, morphological and …

Despite Corylus avellana L. being an economically important shrub species known for its
resilience to adverse environmental conditions, it constantly faces attacks from a plethora of …

Plants have developed diverse defence mechanisms to ward off herbivorous pests.
However, agriculture still faces estimated crop yield losses ranging from 25% to 40 …

Phenotypic plasticity, prevalent in all domains of life, enables organisms to cope with
unpredictable or novel changes in their growing environment. Plants represent an …

Insect and mite galls on land plants have a spotty but periodically rich and abundant fossil
record of damage types (DTs), ichnotaxa, and informally described gall morphotypes. The …