Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that affects the macula–the central
part of the retina. It is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. AMD onset is …

Aging is the greatest risk factor for chronic human diseases, including many eye diseases.
Geroscience aims to understand the effects of the aging process on these diseases …

In dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD), LCN2 (lipocalin 2) is upregulated. Whereas
LCN2 has been implicated in AMD pathogenesis, the mechanism remains unknown. Here …

Non-neovascular or dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multi-factorial disease
with degeneration of the aging retinal-pigmented epithelium (RPE). Lysosomes play a …

Lysosomes play crucial roles in various cellular processes–including endocytosis,
phagocytosis, and autophagy–which are vital for maintaining retinal health. Moreover, these …

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes vision loss in the elderly population. Dry
AMD leads to the formation of Drusen, while wet AMD is characterized by cell proliferation …

Eye is the most specialized and sensory body organ and treating eye diseases efficiently is
necessary. Despite various attempts, the design of a consummate ophthalmic drug delivery …

Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic factor and is the ligand for insulin-like
growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R). Reduced expression of IGF-1 has been reported to cause …

The assembly of a peptide ligand, its receptor, and β-arrestin (βarr) into a ternary complex
within the cell membrane is a crucial aspect of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling …

Endosomes have emerged as major signaling hubs where different internalized ligand–
receptor complexes are integrated and the outcome of signaling pathways are organized to …