Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple
organ inflammatory damage and wide spectrum of autoantibodies. The autoantibodies …

Sjögren syndrome or Sjögren disease is a chronic form of autoimmune epithelitis
characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, particularly the salivary and …

The treat-to-target (T2T) concept has improved outcomes for patients with diabetes,
hypertension and rheumatoid arthritis. This therapeutic strategy involves choosing a well …

Despite recent improvements in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE),
disease activity, comorbidities and drug toxicity significantly contribute to the risk of …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe multisystem autoimmune disease that can
cause injury in almost every body system. While considered a classic example of …

Antibody deficiency or hypogammaglobulinemia can have primary or secondary etiologies.
Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is the result of intrinsic genetic defects, whereas …

Abnormalities in B cells play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus
erythematosus (SLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). Breach in central and peripheral tolerance …

As glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive drugs are non‐specific therapeutic agents that
cause many adverse reactions, the development of biologicals aiming to control specific …

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Its variable course
makes it difficult to standardize patient treatment. This article aims at a literature review on …

Immunomodulatory agents blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have shown a new way to
treat cancer. The explanation underlying the success of these agents may be the selective …