Tundra vegetation productivity and composition are responding rapidly to climatic changes
in the Arctic. These changes can, in turn, mitigate or amplify permafrost thaw. In this Review …

Rapid atmospheric warming since the mid-twentieth century has increased temperature-
dependent erosion and sediment-transport processes in cold environments, affecting food …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

This chapter assesses the state of physical, biological and social knowledge concerning the
Arctic and Antarctic ocean and cryosphere, how they are affected by climate change, and …

The permafrost zone is expected to be a substantial carbon source to the atmosphere, yet
large-scale models currently only simulate gradual changes in seasonally thawed soil …

Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS)–landslides caused by the melt of ground ice in permafrost–
have become more common in the Arctic, but the timing of this recent increase and its links …

The formation, growth and drainage of lakes in Arctic and boreal lowland permafrost regions
influence landscape and ecosystem processes. These lake and drained lake basin (L-DLB) …

Climate warming in regions of ice‐rich permafrost can result in widespread thermokarst
development, which reconfigures the landscape and damages infrastructure. We present …

Climate change exacerbates permafrost thawing, resulting exceptionally intense
retrogressive thaw slump (RTS) activity in the Arctic and Third Pole. However, comparative …

Arctic regions are disproportionately affected by atmospheric warming, with cascading
effects on multiple surface processes. Atmospheric warming is destabilizing permafrost …