The xanthophyll cycle represents one of the important photoprotection mechanisms in plant
cells. In the present review, we summarize current knowledge about the violaxanthin cycle of …

The genus Gracilaria is an important marine bio-resource since some members are a source
of about 80% of the global production of agar. Moreover, species of Gracilaria are used in …

Since the publication of the third edition of the Handbook of Plant and Crop Stress,
continuous discoveries in the fields of plant and crop environmental stresses and their …

Carotenoids have traditionally been subscribed to their role as accessory pigments in
photosynthesis. However, the large and growing body of literature investigated on the field …

Most marine macroalgae live attached to a substrate in coastal areas characterized by a
very variable environment mainly due to the tide cycle which is more or less important …

Photosynthetic organisms possess carotenoids that function either as accessory,
photoprotective, or structural pigments. Therefore, the carotenoid profile provides …

Water soluble polysaccharide from Gracilaria birdiae cultivated along the northeast coast of
Brazil was characterized by infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) …

Agar is a Japanese agarophyte seaweed that was first brought to the Far East and then to
the rest of the world. It is a gel-forming polysaccharide that produces D-galactose when …

The photosynthetic apparatus is exquisitely adapted to capture light energy and convert it
into reduced carbon compounds while also protecting against the potential deleterious …

This chapter reviews the nature of pigment variations in phytoplankton in response to
changes in light regime (irradiance, spectral composition and daylength). These changes …