Memory, the ability to retain learned information, is necessary for survival. Thus far,
molecular and cellular investigations of memory formation and storage have mainly focused …

Na+/H+ exchangers play pivotal roles in the control of cell and tissue pH by mediating the
electroneutral exchange of Na+ and H+ across cellular membranes. They belong to an …

Neural activity in the brain is accompanied by changes in cerebral blood flow (CBF) and
blood oxygenation that are detectable with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) …

In recent years, cognitive neuroscientists have taken great advantage of functional magnetic
resonance imaging (fMRI) as a non-invasive method of measuring neuronal activity in the …

Understanding brain energy metabolism—neuroenergetics—is becoming increasingly
important as it can be identified repeatedly as the source of neurological perturbations …

Glucose is the obligate energetic fuel for the mammalian brain, and most studies of cerebral
energy metabolism assume that the majority of cerebral glucose utilization fuels neuronal …

The G-protein-coupled lactate receptor, GPR81 (HCA1), is known to promote lipid storage in
adipocytes by downregulating cAMP levels. Here, we show that GPR81 is also present in …

Astrocytes play a critical role in the regulation of brain metabolic responses to activity. One
detailed mechanism proposed to describe the role of astrocytes in some of these responses …

The complex activities of the brain need not distract us from the certainty that it uses energy
and performs work very efficiently. The human brain, which claims∼ 2% of our body mass, is …

Insulin is now well-established as playing multiple roles within the brain, and specifically as
regulating hippocampal cognitive processes and metabolism. Impairments to insulin …