Allostasis, or stability through change, has most often been linked with challenges to
homeostasis, in which repeated challenges or stressors produce sufficient allostatic load to …

In human addicts, drug relapse and craving are often provoked by stress. Since 1995, this
clinical scenario has been studied using a rat model of stress-induced reinstatement of drug …

High rates of relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of drug addiction. In
abstinent drug users, drug relapse is often precipitated by acute exposure to the self …

Rationale: The notion that stress leads to drug abuse in vulnerable individuals and relapse
in addicts is not new. Most major theories of addiction postulate that stress plays an …

OBJECTIVE: Alcohol use disorders and other substance use disorders are extremely
common among patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This article reviews …

Drug abuse and dependence define behavioral states involving increased allocation of
behavior towards drug seeking and taking at the expense of more appropriate behavioral …

The role of limbic-striato-pallidal circuitry in cocaine-induced reinstatement was evaluated.
The transient inhibition of brain nuclei associated with motor systems [including the ventral …

Substance use disorders (SUDs) manifest as chronic relapsing disorders, characterized by
compulsive drug taking despite serious adverse consequences, the loss of control over …

Environmental experiences have an important effect on the sensitivity of an individual to
drugs of abuse. Studies of drug self-administration in laboratory animals have shown that …

Previous work has identified alterations in histone acetylation in animal models of drug
addiction and depression. However, the mechanisms which integrate drugs and stress with …