As energy overuse and generated pollution have a potential threat to our environmental and
ecological conditions, many researchers have taken the initiative way to join the green …

Vehicle routing problems (VRPs) are among the most studied problems in operations
research. Nowadays, the leading exact algorithms for solving many classes of VRPs are …

Conventionally, vehicle routing problems are defined on a network in which the customer
locations and arcs are given. Typically, these arcs somehow represent the distances or …

Heterogeneous fleet vehicles can be used to reduce carbon emissions. We propose an
improved branch-and-price (BAP) algorithm to precisely solve the heterogeneous fleet …

The transport sector leads to detrimental effects on the economy, environment, and citizens
quality of life. During recent years, some key-performance indicators have been proposed to …

The emerging autonomous electric vehicles have facilitated the implementation of the
shared autonomous electric vehicle (SAEV) service. In real-life applications, the operations …

In this paper, we presented an ε-accurate approach to conduct a continuous optimization on
the pollution routing problem (PRP). First, we developed an ε-accurate inner polyhedral …

Global warming is a serious problem presently faced by human society, and CO 2 is a major
concern as a greenhouse gas (GHG), especially as the amount of atmospheric CO 2 has …

This paper studies a time-dependent green vehicle routing problem (TDGVRP) with the
consideration of traffic congestion. In this work, the objective is to design the vehicle …

In recent years, reducing emissions has been important for mitigating global warming and
the effects of traffic congestion. As a variant of the green vehicle routing problem (GVRP), the …