A complete and optimized scheme of lettered marine isotope substages spanning the last
1.0 million years is proposed. Lettered substages for Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5 were …

The timing of ice ages over the past∼ 2,600 thousand years (kyr) follows pacing by cyclical
changes in three aspects of Earth's orbit that influence the solar energy received as a …

The genus Liriodendron belongs to the family Magnoliaceae, which resides within the
magnoliids, an early diverging lineage of the Mesangiospermae. However, the phylogenetic …

The prevailing mid-latitude westerly winds, known as the westerlies, are a fundamental
component of the climate system because they have a crucial role in driving surface ocean …

The panda lineage dates back to the late Miocene and ultimately leads to only one extant
species, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Although global climate change and …

As the largest ecosystem of China, the desert ecosystem and the desertification-prone
region (DPR) occupies 44% of China's land area. The past, present, and the future of …

The expansion of inland Asia deserts has considerably influenced the environmental, social
and economic activities in Asia. Aridification of inland Asia, especially timing of the initiation …

Recent studies of the eolian deposits in northern China have extended the East Asian
monsoon history back to the early Miocene. However, the relative intensities of monsoonal …

Although the development of Gobi Desert in central and eastern Asia has greatly affected
the regional and even the global climate, its precise origin and evolution have yet to be …

Colobines are a unique group of Old World monkeys that principally eat leaves and seeds
rather than fruits and insects. We report the sequencing at 146× coverage, de novo …