Abstract Background and Purpose This update of the treatment guidelines was
commissioned by the European Academy of Neurology and the European section of the …

The clinical use of deep brain stimulation (DBS) is among the most important advances in
the clinical neurosciences in the past two decades. As a surgical tool, DBS can directly …

Objective: The objective of this review was to update evidence‐based medicine
recommendations for treating motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Background …

Neurodegenerative diseases are a common cause of morbidity and cognitive impairment in
older adults. Most clinicians who care for the elderly are not trained to diagnose these …

The efficacy of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson disease (PD) is well established
for up to 1 or 2 years, but long-term outcome data are still limited. In this Review, we critically …

Multiple surgical targets for treating obsessive-compulsive disorder with deep brain
stimulation (DBS) have been proposed. However, different targets may modulate the same …

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of 3 different targets is the most important therapeutic
innovation of the past 30 years for patients with fluctuating Parkinson's disease (PD) …

Parkinson disease is the second-most common neurodegenerative disorder that affects 2–
3% of the population≥ 65 years of age. Neuronal loss in the substantia nigra, which causes …

Although deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) and the
subthalamic nucleus (STN) has become an established treatment for Parkinson's disease …

A robust body of evidence from randomized controlled trials has established the efficacy of
deep brain stimulation (DBS) in reducing off time and dyskinesias in levodopa‐treated …