The Argo Program has been implemented and sustained for almost two decades, as a
global array of about 4000 profiling floats. Argo provides continuous observations of ocean …

This review paper reports on the state-of-the-art concerning observations of surface winds,
waves, and currents from space and their use for scientific research and subsequent …

2 Chapter 2 assesses observed large-scale changes in climate system drivers, key climate
indicators and 3 principal modes of variability. Chapter 3 considers model performance and …

The AR5 concluded that human influence on the climate system is clear, evident from
increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere, positive radiative forcing …

Starting in 2011, coastal areas of the Caribbean Sea and tropical Atlantic Ocean began to
experience extraordinary yearly accumulations of pelagic Sargassum brown alga. Historical …

Oceanic heat sources disturb the atmosphere, which, to come back to its initial state,
disperses waves. These waves affect the climate in remote regions, characterizing the …

The prediction of chaotic time series is important for both science and technology. In recent
years, this type of prediction has improved significantly with the development of deep …

The impact of climate change on Sahel precipitation suffers from large uncertainties and is
strongly model-dependent. In this study, we analyse sources of inter-model spread in Sahel …

Abstract Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) is an increasingly used Essential Ocean and Climate
Variable. The Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS), Aquarius, and Soil Moisture Active …

The Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program (GO-SHIP) provides a
globally coordinated network and oversight of 55 sustained decadal repeat hydrographic …