Since the first demonstration of the generation of attosecond pulses (1 as= 10− 18 s) in the
extreme-ultraviolet spectral region, several measurement techniques have been introduced …

Compared with conventional optical elements, 2D photonic metasurfaces, consisting of
arrays of antennas with subwavelength thickness (the 'meta-atoms'), enable the …

Optical interactions are governed by both spin and angular momentum conservation laws,
which serve as a tool for controlling light–matter interactions or elucidating electron …

The strong ellipticity dependence of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in gases enables
numerous experimental techniques that are nowadays routinely used, for instance, to create …

We demonstrate, to our knowledge, the first bright circularly polarized high-harmonic beams
in the soft X-ray region of the electromagnetic spectrum, and use them to implement X-ray …

High-harmonic generation driven by femtosecond lasers makes it possible to capture the
fastest dynamics in molecules and materials. However, thus far, the shortest isolated …

High harmonic generation (HHG) is an extremely nonlinear effect generating coherent
broadband radiation and pulse durations reaching attosecond timescales. Conventional …

Circular dichroism (CD) describes the different responses of a chiral object to circularly
polarized light of opposite handedness and serves as the basis of most chirality-sensitive …

Symmetries and conservation laws of energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum
play a central role in nonlinear optics. Recently, paraxial light fields with nontrivial topology …

The fundamental polarization singularities of monochromatic light are normally associated
with invariance under coordinated rotations: symmetry operations that rotate the spatial …