At high concentrations, free radicals and radical-derived, nonradical reactive species are
hazardous for living organisms and damage all major cellular constituents. At moderate …

Free radicals and oxidants are involved in physiological signaling pathways, although an
imbalance between pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant systems in favor of the former leads to …

Background: Limb muscle dysfunction is prevalent in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD) and it has important clinical implications, such as reduced exercise tolerance …

Free radicals are reactive compounds that are naturally produced in the human body. They
can exert positive effects (eg on the immune system) or negative effects (eg lipids, proteins …

The topic of exercise-induced oxidative stress has received considerable attention in recent
years, with close to 300 original investigations published since the early work of Dillard and …

Oxidative stress results from an oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in favour of oxidants. A large
number of studies have demonstrated that increased oxidative burden occurs in airways …

In patients with pulmonary disease, disease severity and prognosis are determined not only
by lung function impairment (1, 2). In patients with mild, moderate, or severe disease …

An imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants is considered to play a role in the
pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). There is considerable …

Reactive oxygen or nitrogen species (RONS) are produced during exercise due, at least in
part, to the activation of xanthine oxidase. When exercise is exhaustive they cause tissue …

Oxidative stress is the subject of numerous studies, most of them focusing on the negative
effects exerted at both molecular and cellular levels, ignoring the possible benefits of free …