Organoids and organs-on-chips are two rapidly emerging 3D cell culture techniques that
aim to bridge the gap between in vitro 2D cultures and animal models to enable clinically …

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths and
is associated with a poor prognosis. The majority of these cancers are detected at a late …

Organoids are three-dimensional (3D) cultures, normally derived from stem cells, that
replicate the complex structure and function of human tissues. They offer a physiologically …

Organoids are self-organized three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tissue cultures which
derive from cancerous and healthy stem cells, sharing a highly similarity to the …

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant cancer characterized by poor prognosis, high
heterogeneity, and intricate heterocellular system. Selecting an appropriate experimental …

Pancreatic cancer, notorious for its grim 10% five-year survival rate, poses significant clinical
challenges, largely due to late-stage diagnosis and limited therapeutic options. This review …

The study of biliary physiology and pathophysiology has long been hindered by the lack of
in vitro models that accurately reflect the complex functions of the biliary system. Recent …

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) and xenografts (PDXs) are powerful tools for
personalized medicine in pancreatic cancer (PC) research. This study explores the …

Precancerous cells in the oral cavity may appear as oral potentially malignant disorders, but
they may also present as dysplasia without visual manifestation in tumor-adjacent tissue. As …

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a pivotal role in cancer metastasis and hold
considerable potential for clinical diagnosis, therapeutic monitoring, and prognostic …