version of the Guidelines, which is freely available via the ESC and EAS websites and
hosted on their journals' websites (EHJ and Atherosclerosis Journal). The National Cardiac …

Nanotechnology could improve our understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis
and contribute to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to further …

Hypercholesterolaemia leads to cholesterol accumulation in macrophages and other
immune cells, which promotes inflammatory responses, including augmentation of Toll-like …

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol homeostasis in the peripheral blood is
maintained by specialized cells, such as macrophages. Macrophages express a variety of …

Previous interest in high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) focused on their possible protective
role in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Evidence from genetic studies and …

The cholesterol contained within HDL is inversely associated with risk of coronary heart
disease and is a key component of predicting cardiovascular risk. However, despite its …

Over the last 3 decades there have been substantial improvements in treatments aimed at
reducing cardiovascular (CV) events. As these treatments have been developed, there have …

Background While several lines of evidence prove that elevated concentrations of low-
density lipoproteins (LDL) causally contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and its …

Trained immunity, a functional state of myeloid cells, has been proposed as a compelling
immune-oncological target. Its efficient induction requires direct engagement of myeloid …

An increased risk of cardiovascular disease, independent of conventional risk factors, is
present even at minor levels of renal impairment and is highest in patients with end-stage …