Bone grafts have been predominated used to treat bone defects, delayed union or non-
union, and spinal fusion in orthopaedic clinically for a period of time, despite the emergency …

Platelets produce platelet growth factors such as PDGF, IGF-1, EGF-, HGF, TGFβ, bFGF, and
VEGF, which are crucial in regulating all stages of the wound healing process. The source of …

Although platelets are widely recognized as having a critical role in primary hemostasis and
thrombosis, increasing experimental and clinical evidence identifies these enucleated cells …

Bone defects resulting from trauma, illness or congenital abnormalities represent a
significant challenge to global health. Conventional treatments such as autographs and …

In the last decade, the advent of 3D printing for tissue engineering and regenerative
medicine has engendered great interest for those involved in skin repair and regeneration …

Rise in the incidences of chronic degenerative diseases with aging makes wound care a
socio-economic burden and unceasingly necessitates a novel, economical, and efficient …

Reconstruction of critical-sized bone defects remains a tremendous challenge for surgeons
worldwide. Despite the variety of surgical techniques, current clinical strategies for bone …

Abstract Three‐dimensional (3D) bioprinting, which is being increasingly used in tissue
engineering, requires bioinks with tunable mechanical properties, biological activities, and …

With the interdisciplinary convergence of biology, medicine and materials science, both
research and clinical translation of biomaterials are progressing at a rapid pace. However …

Wounds impact millions of patients every year and represent a serious cause of morbidity
and mortality worldwide, yet current treatment outcomes are far from ideal. Therapies based …