Studies have pointed out that air pollution may be a contributing factor to the coronavirus
disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, the specific links between air pollution and …

As humans age, the risk and severity of infections vary in line with immune competence
according to how the immune system develops, matures, and declines. Several factors …

Nationwide prospective surveillance of all-age patients with acute respiratory infections was
conducted in China between 2009‒2019. Here we report the etiological and …

Background Assessments of age-specific mortality and life expectancy have been done by
the UN Population Division, Department of Economics and Social Affairs (UNPOP), the …

Background Lower respiratory infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality
around the world. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors (GBD) Study …

Background Global child mortality reduced substantially during the Millennium Development
Goal period (2000–15). We aimed to estimate morbidity, mortality, and prevalence of risk …

Background Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) and Haemophilus influenzae type b
(Hib) vaccine are now used in most countries. To monitor global and regional progress …

As the coronavirus pandemic extends to low and middle income countries (LMICs), there are
growing concerns about the risk of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in populations with high …

Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major human pathogen producing
structurally diverse capsular polysaccharides. Widespread use of highly successful …

Respiratory syncytial virus–associated acute respiratory infection (RSV-ARI) constitutes a
substantial disease burden in older adults aged≥ 65 years. We aimed to identify all studies …