Owing to their unique chemical and physical properties, hydrogels are attracting increasing
attention in both basic and translational biomedical studies. Although the classical hydrogels …

All implanted biomaterials are targets of the host's immune system. While the host
inflammatory response was once considered a detrimental force to be blunted or avoided, in …

Proper immune responses are critical for successful biomaterial implantation. Here, four
scales of honeycomb-like TiO2 structures were custom made on titanium (Ti) substrates to …

The perspectives of regenerative medicine are still severely hampered by the host response
to biomaterial implantation, despite the robustness of technologies that hold the promise to …

Phenotypic polarization of macrophages is regulated by a milieu of cues in the local tissue
microenvironment. Although much is known about how soluble factors influence …

Human immune system acts as a pivotal role in the tissue homeostasis and disease
progression. Immunomodulatory biomaterials that can manipulate innate immunity and …

Foreign‐body response caused by implanted biomaterials seriously impedes the function of
implants and is a major obstacle to the development of implantable biomaterials and …

With an increasingly aging society, bone defects and fractures have become significant
threats to human health and quality of life. Currently, autologous and allogeneic bone grafts …

As direct effector cells for osteogenesis, osteoblastic cells are commonly used for evaluating
the in vitro osteogenic capacity of bone biomaterials, and the traditional biological principle …

Biomaterials with suitable surface modification strategies are contributing significantly to the
rapid development of the field of bone tissue engineering. Despite these encouraging …