This is a review about the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), its mean
structure, temporal variability, controlling mechanisms, and role in the coupled climate …

A new, speculative, and, we hope, provocative summary of the North Atlantic circulation is
described, including both horizontal currents (wind‐driven) and the primarily (thermohaline) …

Abstract The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) plays a key role in the
global climate system through its redistribution of heat. Changes in the AMOC have been …

This paper describes the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis of ocean
climate variability. In the assimilation, a model forecast produced by an ocean general …

Formation of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) represents a transfer of upper layer water to
abyssal depths at a rate of 15 to 20× 106 m3/s. NADW spreads throughout the Atlantic …

A new quasi‐conservative tracer N*, defined as a linear combination of nitrate and
phosphate, is proposed to investigate the distribution of nitrogen fixation and denitrification …

Two global coupled climate models show that even if the concentrations of greenhouse
gases in the atmosphere had been stabilized in the year 2000, we are already committed to …

The vigor of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is thought to be vulnerable to
global warming, but its short-term temporal variability is unknown so changes inferred from …

This book addresses the problem of inferring the state of ocean circulation, understanding it
dynamically, and forecasting it through a quantitative combination of theory and observation …

Continuous estimates of the oceanic meridional heat transport in the Atlantic are derived
from the Rapid Climate Change–Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC) and Heatflux …