Enzyme mimics or artificial enzymes are a class of catalysts that have been actively pursued
for decades and have heralded much interest as potentially viable alternatives to natural …

The review outlines progress and problems in the design of non-natural antibodies for
clinical applications over the past $10 {-} 15\{\text {years}} $. The modular structure of natural …

Intestinal epithelial cells exist in physiological hypoxia, leading to hypoxia-inducible factor
(HIF) activation and supporting barrier function and cell metabolism of the intestinal …

Immunoglobulins are known to combine various effector mechanisms of the adaptive and
the innate immune system. Classical immunoglobulin functions are associated with antigen …

The creation of effective bioscavengers as a pretreatment for exposure to nerve agents is a
challenging medical objective. We report a recombinant method using chemical …

Identifying high-affinity antibodies in human serum is challenging due to extremely low
number of circulating B cells specific to the desired antigens. Delays caused by a lack of …

The antibodies of schizophrenic patients that hydrolyze myelin basic protein (MBP) have
been actively studied recently, but the mechanism of the catalytic properties of …

The vast majority of cellular proteins are degraded by the 26S proteasome after their
ubiquitination. Here, we report that the major component of the myelin multilayered …

Catalytic antibodies made it feasible to develop new catalysts, which had previously been
the subject of research. Scientists have discovered natural antibodies that can hydrolyze …

Catalytic antibodies possess unique features capable of both recognizing and enzymatically
degrading antigens. Therefore, they are more beneficial than monoclonal antibodies …