Many behaviors posing significant risks to public health are characterized by repeated
decisions to forego better long-term outcomes in the face of immediate temptations. Steeply …

The provision of environmental enrichment (EE) for laboratory rats is recommended in
European guidelines governing laboratory animal welfare. It is believed the EE …

Background Impulsivity is a multifaceted construct that has recently been recognized as a
factor contributing to enhanced vulnerability to drug abuse. Objectives In the present review …

Environmental enrichment (EE) has been shown to have powerful beneficial effects on a
variety of physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence indicates that …

Whereas earlier studies have focused on the preventive effects of enriched environments
(EE) in drug addiction, in a recent study we suggested that EE can also have …

Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders in humans is based on comparing individuals to the
normal population. However, many animal models analyze averaged group effects, thus …

Individual differences in impulsive choice and rearing in differential environments are factors
that predict vulnerability to drug abuse. The present study determined if rearing influences …

Alcohol abuse is associated with a cluster of long-term changes in cognitive processes, as
predicted by contemporary models of addiction. In this paper we review evidence which …

Rationale Decision-making deficits, measured using the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), are
observed in many psychiatric populations. Additionally, evidence suggests that the …

Organisms must regulate their behavior flexibly in the face of environmental challenges.
Failure can lead to a host of maladaptive behavioral traits associated with a range of …