To realistically simulate climate feedbacks from the land surface to the atmosphere, models
must replicate the responses of plants to environmental changes. Several processes …

The rate of CO 2 assimilation by plants is directly influenced by the concentration of CO 2 in
the atmosphere, ca. As an environmental variable, ca also has a unique global and historic …

The leaf economics spectrum, and the global spectrum of plant forms and functions revealed
fundamental axes of variation in plant traits, which represent different ecological strategies …

Atmospheric vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a critical variable in determining plant
photosynthesis. Synthesis of four global climate datasets reveals a sharp increase of VPD …

Although the terrestrial biosphere absorbs about 25 per cent of anthropogenic carbon
dioxide (CO2) emissions, the rate of land carbon uptake remains highly uncertain, leading to …

Accurate representation of photosynthesis in terrestrial biosphere models (TBM s) is
essential for robust projections of global change. However, current representations vary …

This chapter addresses the biogeochemical cycles of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4),
and nitrous oxide (N2O). The three greenhouse gases have increased in the atmosphere …

As the atmosphere warms, part of the cloud population shifts from ice and mixed-phase
('cold') to liquid ('warm') clouds. Because warm clouds are more reflective and longer-lived …

ECHAM6, the sixth generation of the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM, is
described. Major changes with respect to its predecessor affect the representation of …

The projected loss of soil carbon to the atmosphere resulting from climate change is a
potentially large but highly uncertain feedback to warming. The magnitude of this feedback …