This paper describes a path integral formulation of the free energy principle. The ensuing
account expresses the paths or trajectories that a particle takes as it evolves over time. The …

The remarkable anatomical homeostasis exhibited by complex living organisms suggests
that they are inherently reprogrammable information-processing systems that offer …

INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLER A Best Book of 2021—Bloomberg Businessweek; A Best
Science Book of 2021—The Guardian; A Best Science Book of 2021—Financial Times; A …

The active inference framework, and in particular its recent formulation as a partially
observable Markov decision process (POMDP), has gained increasing popularity in recent …

Emotional awareness is the ability to conceptualize and describe one's own emotions and
those of others. Over thirty years ago, a cognitive-developmental theory of emotional …

Research on predictive processing models has focused largely on two specific algorithmic
theories: Predictive Coding for perception and Active Inference for decision-making. While …

Over the last decades, theoretical perspectives in the interdisciplinary field of the affective
sciences have proliferated rather than converged due to differing assumptions about what …

This review paper offers an overview of the history and future of active inference—a unifying
perspective on action and perception. Active inference is based upon the idea that sentient …

Interoception, the perception of internal bodily states, is thought to be inextricably linked to
affective qualities such as anxiety. Although interoception spans sensory to metacognitive …

While interoception is of major neuroscientific interest, its precise definition and delineation
from exteroception continue to be debated. Here, we propose a functional distinction …