Understanding the in vivo transport of nanoparticles provides guidelines for designing
nanomedicines with higher efficacy and fewer side effects. Among many factors, the size of …

As an essential micronutrient, manganese (Mn) participates in various physiological
processes and plays important roles in host immune system, hematopoiesis, endocrine …

This review presents a robust strategy to design photosensitizers (PSs) for various species.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical-based treatment approach that involves the …

Microenvironment-responsive drug delivery systems (DDSs) can achieve targeted drug
delivery, reduce drug side effects and improve drug efficacies. Among them, pH-responsive …

The cellular barriers are major bottlenecks for bioactive compounds entering into cells to
accomplish their biological functions, which limits their biomedical applications …

Drug delivery systems (DDS) triggered by local microenvironment represents the state-of-art
of nanomedicine design, where the triggering hallmarks at intracellular and subcellular …

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths; until now, the detection of tumor
metastasis is mainly located at the period that secondary tumors have been formed, which …

The responses of patients to tumor therapies vary due to tumor heterogeneity. Tumor
stratification has been attracting increasing attention for accurately distinguishing between …

In recent years, much progress has been motivated in stimuli-responsive nanocarriers,
which could response to the intrinsic physicochemical and pathological factors in diseased …

Multiple nanotherapeutics have been approved for patients with cancer, but their effects on
survival have been modest and, in some examples, less than those of other approved …