Metal ions are essential for many reactions, but excess metals can be toxic. In bacteria,
metal limitation activates pathways that are involved in the import and mobilization of metals …

The global rise in urbanization and industrial activity has led to the production and
incorporation of foreign contaminant molecules into ecosystems, distorting them and …

Copper has been used as an antimicrobial agent long time ago. Nowadays, copper-
containing nanoparticles (NPs) with antimicrobial properties have been widely used in all …

Antibiotic resistance is recognised as a major global threat to public health by the World
Health Organization. Currently, several hundred thousand deaths yearly can be attributed to …

Transition metals occupy an essential niche in biological systems. Their electrostatic
properties stabilize substrates or reaction intermediates in the active sites of enzymes, and …

Zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) are essential for optimal innate immune function, and nutritional
deficiency in either metal leads to increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. Recently, the …

Metals such as mercury, arsenic, copper and silver have been used in various forms as
antimicrobials for thousands of years with until recently, little understanding of their mode of …

Copper is a required micronutrient for bacteria and an essential cofactor for redox‐active
cuproenzymes. Yet, excess copper is extremely toxic, and is exploited as a bacteriocide in …

Heavy metal pollution is one of the major environmental concerns worldwide. Toxic heavy
metals when untreated get accumulated in environment and can pose severe threats to …

Excess copper is poisonous to all forms of life, and copper overloading is responsible for
several human pathologic processes. The primary mechanisms of toxicity are unknown. In …