Macrophages are dynamic cells that play critical roles in the induction and resolution of
sterile inflammation. In this review, we will compile and interpret recent findings on the …

Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic, immune-mediated, inflammatory arthropathy that presents with
inflammation of the joints and entheses, including those of the axial skeleton, and is …

Develo** nanozymes with effective reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability is a
promising approach for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. Nonetheless, numerous nanozymes lie …

Inflammatory Arthritis is characterized by synovial proliferation, neovascularization and
leukocyte extravasation leading to joint destruction and functional disability. Efficiency of …

T lymphocytes (T cells) are divided into two functionally different subgroups the CD4+ T
helper cells (Th) and the CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Adequate CD4 and CD8 T …

Metabolism is important for cartilage and synovial joint function. Under adverse
microenvironmental conditions, mammalian cells undergo a switch in cell metabolism from a …

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that begins with a loss of tolerance to
modified self-antigens and immune system abnormalities, eventually leading to synovitis …

Metabolomic studies of body fluids show that immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases such
as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are associated with metabolic disruption. This is likely to reflect …

Like other autoimmune diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) develops in distinct stages, with
each phase of disease linked to immune cell dysfunction. HLA class II genes confer the …

HIF is a transcription factor that plays an essential role in the cellular response to low
oxygen, orchestrating a metabolic switch that allows cells to survive in this environment. In …