DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is a highly conserved biological pathway that plays a key role
in maintaining genomic stability. The specificity of MMR is primarily for base-base …

Nucleases cleave the phosphodiester bonds of nucleic acids and may be endo or exo,
DNase or RNase, topoisomerases, recombinases, ribozymes, or RNA splicing enzymes. In …

▪ Abstract DNA mismatch repair (MMR) is an evolutionarily conserved process that corrects
mismatches generated during DNA replication and escape proofreading. MMR proteins also …

The concept of mismatch repair (MMR) was formulated independently in 1964 to explain the
removal of brominated nucleotides from DNA as well as gene conversion during genetic …

Mutations are rare events, occurring spontaneously at a frequency of 1 per 109-1010 base
pairs per cell division. 1, 2 Nucleotide misincorporation during DNA synthesis yields …

Phosphotransfer-mediated signaling pathways allow cells to sense and respond to
environmental stimuli. Autophosphorylating histidine protein kinases provide phosphoryl …

In cellular systems, magnesium is the second most abundant element and is involved in
basically all metabolic pathways. At physiologically relevant concentrations, magnesium …

An interesting recent development is the recognition of a novel ATP-binding superfamily that
includes diverse protein families such as DNA topoisomerase II, molecular chaperones …

Posttranslational modification by phosphorylation is a ubiquitous regulatory mechanism in
both eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Intracellular phosphorylation by protein kinases, triggered …

Eukaryotic mismatch repair (MMR) has been shown to require two different heterodimeric
complexes of MutS-related proteins: MSH2–MSH3 and MSH2–MSH6. These two complexes …