Animal venoms have evolved over millions of years for prey capture and defense from
predators and rivals. Snake venoms, in particular, have evolved a wide diversity of peptides …

Snakebite accidents are considered serious public health problems. They are often
neglected, and individuals who have received insufficient treatment are subjected to various …

Bothrops atrox snakes are mostly endemic of the Amazon rainforest and is certainly the
South American pit viper responsible for most of the snakebites in the region. The …

Phospholipases A2s (PLA2s) constitute one of the major protein groups present in the
venoms of viperid and crotalid snakes. Snake venom PLA2s (svPLA2s) exhibit a remarkable …

Background: Snake venom phospholipases A2 (PLA2s) have been reported to induce
myotoxic, neurotoxic, hemolytic, edematogenic, cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects. This …

Snakebites are a serious public health problem and, in the Amazon, the Bothrops atrox
snake is the most frequent cause of envenomation. B. atrox venom (BaV) causes …

Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) play an important role in local tissue damage of
snakebite patients, mostly by hydrolysis of basement membrane (BM) components. We …

Snake venoms are substances mostly composed by proteins and peptides with high
biological activity. Local and systemic effects culminate in clinical manifestations induced by …

Snake venoms contain various molecules known for activating innate immunity and causing
local effects associated with increased vascular permeability, such as vascular leakage and …

In the Brazilian Amazon, the snake Bothrops atrox is the primary cause of snakebites. B.
atrox (BaV) venom can cause systemic pathophysiological changes such as acute kidney …