Physiology of astroglia
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …
and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in …
Astrocyte calcium signaling: the third wave
The discovery that transient elevations of calcium concentration occur in astrocytes, and
release'gliotransmitters' which act on neurons and vascular smooth muscle, led to the idea …
release'gliotransmitters' which act on neurons and vascular smooth muscle, led to the idea …
Influence of glutamate and GABA transport on brain excitatory/inhibitory balance
An optimally functional brain requires both excitatory and inhibitory inputs that are regulated
and balanced. A perturbation in the excitatory/inhibitory balance—as is the case in some …
and balanced. A perturbation in the excitatory/inhibitory balance—as is the case in some …
Glutamate as a neurotransmitter in the healthy brain
Glutamate is the most abundant free amino acid in the brain and is at the crossroad between
multiple metabolic pathways. Considering this, it was a surprise to discover that glutamate …
multiple metabolic pathways. Considering this, it was a surprise to discover that glutamate …
Astrocytes as secretory cells of the central nervous system: idiosyncrasies of vesicular secretion
Astrocytes are housekeepers of the central nervous system (CNS) and are important for
CNS development, homeostasis and defence. They communicate with neurones and other …
CNS development, homeostasis and defence. They communicate with neurones and other …
Revealing the contribution of astrocytes to glutamatergic neuronal transmission
Research on glutamatergic neurotransmission has focused mainly on the function of
presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, leaving astrocytes with a secondary role only to …
presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons, leaving astrocytes with a secondary role only to …
Astrocytic glutamatergic transmission and its implications in neurodegenerative disorders
Several neurodegenerative disorders involve impaired neurotransmission, and
glutamatergic neurotransmission sets a prototypical example. Glutamate is a predominant …
glutamatergic neurotransmission sets a prototypical example. Glutamate is a predominant …
GABA and glutamate transporters in brain
The mammalian genome contains four genes encoding GABA transporters (GAT1, slc6a1;
GAT2, slc6a13; GAT3, slc6a11; BGT1, slc6a12) and five glutamate transporter genes …
GAT2, slc6a13; GAT3, slc6a11; BGT1, slc6a12) and five glutamate transporter genes …
Multiple lines of evidence indicate that gliotransmission does not occur under physiological conditions
A major controversy persists within the field of glial biology concerning whether or not, under
physiological conditions, neuronal activity leads to Ca2+-dependent release of …
physiological conditions, neuronal activity leads to Ca2+-dependent release of …
Exocytosis of ATP from astrocytes modulates phasic and tonic inhibition in the neocortex
Communication between neuronal and glial cells is important for many brain functions.
Astrocytes can modulate synaptic strength via Ca2+-stimulated release of various …
Astrocytes can modulate synaptic strength via Ca2+-stimulated release of various …